The Effect of Risk Disclosure on Investment Efficiency: An Applied Study

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56830/IJAMS04202404

Keywords:

Risk disclosure, - Investment Efficiency, Overinvestment, Underinvestment

Abstract

    The purpose of the research: This study aims to investigate the effect of corporate risk disclosure (RD) on investment efficiency in the Egyptian environment. Data and materials and methodology: The researcher conducts an applied study using a sample of 376 firm-year observation from Egyptian firms listed on EGX100 after excluding the banking sector and insurance companies due to their special accounting nature in the time period 2017-2022 in order to avoid the negative effects of inflation in the Egyptian market. The researcher uses content analysis to calculate a risk disclosure index (RDI) from annual reports and studies how it impacts the efficiency of investment in companies. Results: The results demonstrated a significant positive effect of RD on investment efficiency, where RD decreases the underinvestment and increases the overinvestment which leads in sum to more investment efficiency. These results are consistent with some of the theories and previous studies that confirmed the role of RD in enhancing investment efficiency.

References

Abdelmageed, H., & Al Sayegh, E. (2015). Measuring the impact of Financial Reporting Quality on Investment Efficiency of Egyptian Companies. Journal of Accounting and Auditing, 3(1), 1-49.

Adamu, M. U. (2013). The Need for Corporate Risk Disclosure in the Nigerian Listed Companies Annual Reports. Journal of Economics and Finance, 1(6), 15-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/5933-0161521

Al-Hadi, A., Hasan, M. M., Taylor, G., Hossain, M., & Richardson, G. (2017). Market Risk Disclosures and Investment Efficiency: International Evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council Financial Firms. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 28(3), 349-393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jifm.12063

Ali, M., & Konishi, N. (2005). The UK Guidelines for Company Risk Reporting− An

Evaluation. 37(1), 1-18.

Alzead, R., & Hussainey, K. (2017). Risk disclosure practice in Saudi non financial listed companies. Corporate Ownership & Control. 14(1-4), 262-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i4c1art8

Anthony, O., & Godwin, A. (2015). Voluntary Risk Disclosure in Corporate Annual Reports: An Empirical Review". Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(17), 1-8.

Athanasakou , V., & Hussainey, K. (2014). The perceived credibility of forward-looking performance disclosures. Accounting and Business Research, 44(3), 227-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2013.867403

Bazine, E., & Vural, D. (2011). Voluntary Disclosure of financial targets: empirical evidence from manufacturing firms listed on Stockholm Stock Exchange during 2001 to 2009. School of Business, Economics & Law, Gothenburg University.

Bens, D. A., & Monahan, S. J. (2004). Disclosure Quality and the Excess Value of Diversification. Journal of Accounting Research, 42(4), 691-730. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2004.00154.x

Beretta, S., & Bozzolan, S. (2004). A framework for the analysis of firm risk communication. The International Journal of Accounting, 39(3), 265-288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2004.06.006

Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2003). Enjoying the quiet life: Corporate governance and managerial preferences. Journal of Political Economy, 111, 1043-1075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/376950

Biddle, G., Hilary, G., & Verdic, R. (2009). How does financial reporting quality relate to investment efficiency? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 48(2-3), 1122-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.09.001

Boubaker, S., Mansali, H., & Rjiba, H. (2014). Large Controlling Shareholders and Stock Price Synchronicity. Journal of Banking and Finance, 40 (March), 80-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.11.022

Brogaard, J., Ringgenberg, M., & Sovich, D. (2019). The Economic Impact of Index Investing. Review of Financial Studies, 32(9), 3461-3499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy129

Buckby, S., Gallery, G., & Ma , J. (2015). An analysis of risk management disclosures: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-09-2013-0934

Australian evidence. Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(8-9), 812 – 869.

Cabedo, J. D., & Tirado, J. M. (2004). The disclosure of risk in financial statements. Accounting Forum, 28(2), 181-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2003.10.002

Campbell, J. L., Chen, H., Dhaliwal, D. S., Lu, H.-m., & Steele , L. B. (2014). The information content of mandatory risk factor disclosures in corporate filings. Review of Accounting Studies, 19(1), 396-455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-013-9258-3

Chang, M., Hooi, L., & Wee, M. (2014). How does investor relations disclosure affect analysts’ forecasts? Accounting and Finance, 54(2), 365-391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12046

Chen, F., Hope, O.-K., Li, Q., & Wang, X. (2011). Financial Reporting Quality and Investment Efficiency of Private Firms in Emerging Markets. Accounting Review, 86, 1255-1288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10040

Chen, J., Cheng, X., Gong, S., & Tan, Y. (2017). Voluntary Non-financial Disclosure, Corporate Governance, and Investment Efficiency.

Drogalas, G., & Siopi, S. (2017). Risk management and internal audit: Evidence from Greece. Risk governance & control: financial markets & institutions, 7(3), 104-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22495/rgcv7i3p10

Elshandidy, T., & Neri, L. (2015). Corporate governance, risk disclosure practices, and market liquidity: comparative evidence from the UK and Italy. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 23(4), 331-356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12095

Elshandidy, T., Fraser, I., & Hussainey, K. (2013). Aggregated, voluntary, and mandatory risk disclosure incentives: Evidence from UK FTSE all-share companies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 30, 320-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2013.07.010

Elshandidy, T., Shrives, P. J., Bamber, M., & Abraham, S. (2017). Risk reporting: A review of the literature and implications for future research. Journal of Accounting Literature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acclit.2017.12.001

Elzahar, H., & Hussainey, K. (2012). Determinants of narrative risk disclosures in UK interim reports. The Journal of Risk Finance, 13(2), 133-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/15265941211203189

Farhat, I. (2016). Impact of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on the Level and Quality of Risk disclosure during the Arab Spring: Evidence from the Tunisian Capital market". Doctoral Thesis in Accounting. University of Carthage. 29-33.

Ferrero, J. M., Cano, D. R., & Sánchez, I. (2016). The Causal Link between Sustainable Disclosure and Information Asymmetry: The Moderating Role of the Stakeholder Protection Context. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 23(5), 319-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1379

García-Sánchez, I. M., & García-Meca, E. (2018). Do talented managers invest more efficiently? The moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 26(4), 238-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12233

Graham, J. R., & Harvey, C. R. (2014). The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field. Journal of Financial Economics, 60(2-3), 187–243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(01)00044-7

Habbash, M., Hussainey, K., & Awad , A. E. (2016). The Determinants of Voluntary Disclosure in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 12(3), 213-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2016.077890

Hewitt, M. R., Hodge, F. D., & Pratt, J. (2014). How the Discovery of Accruals-Based versus Real Earnings Management Affects Investment Decisions: The Importance of Trust. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2245204

Houcine, A. (2017). The effect of financial reporting quality on corporate investment efficiency: Evidence from the Tunisian stock market. Research in International Business and Finance, 42, 321-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.066

Houcine, A., Zitouni, M., & Srairi, S. (2022). The impact of corporate governance and IFRS on the relationship between financial reporting quality and investment efficiency in a continental accounting system. EuroMed Journal of Business, 17(2), 246-269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-06-2020-0063

Jensen, M. C. (1986). Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers. The American Economic Review, 76(2), 323-329.

Jiang, H., Jia, J., & Chapple, L. (2023). Enterprise risk management and investment efficiency: Australian evidence from risk management committees. Australian Journal of Management, 1-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03128962221144513

Kashani , S. M., & Shiri, M. M. (2022). The Role of Corporate Governance in Investment Efficiency and Financial Information Disclosure Risk in Companies Listed onthe Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of Risk and Financial Management , 15(2), 577-599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15120577

Khan, M. A., Yau, J. T., Marsidi, A., & Ahmed, Z. (2021). Pushing a balloon: does corporate risk disclosure matter for investment efficiency? Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 21(5), 1021-1048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-08-2021-0253

Khlif, H., & Hussainey, K. (2016). The Association between Risk Disclosure and Firm Characteristics: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Risk Research, 19(2), 1-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2014.961514

Kravet, T., & Muslu, V. (2013). Textual risk disclosures and investors’ risk perceptions. Review of Accounting Studies, 18(4), 1088-1122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-013-9228-9

Lajili, K., & Zeghal, D. (2005). A Content Analysis of Risk Management Disclosures in Canadian Annual Reports. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 22(2), 125 - 142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2005.tb00714.x

Lambert, R. A. (2001). Contracting theory and accounting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 32(1-3), 3-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00037-4

Li, Q., & Wang, T. (2010). Financial reporting quality and corporate investment efficiency: Chinese experience. Nankai Business Review International, 1(2), 197-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20408741011052591

Linsley, P., & Shrives, P. (2006). Risk reporting: A study of risk disclosures in the annual reports of UK companies. The British Accounting Review, 38(4), 387-404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2006.05.002

Maredi, E. M. (2021). Risk Management Disclosures in South African Banks. University of Johannesburg (South Africa).

Mclean, D. R., & Zhao, M. (2014). The business cycle, investor sentiment, and costly external finance. The Journal of Finance, 69(3), 1377-1409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12047

Miihkinen, A. (2013). The usefulness of firm risk disclosures under different firm riskiness, investor-interest, and market conditions: New evidence from Finland. Advances in accounting, 29(2), 312-331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2013.09.006

Mohobbot, A. M. (2005). Corporate risk reporting practices in annual reports of Japanese companies. Bulletin of Japanese Association for International Accounting Studies, 113133.

Mokhtar, E. S., & Mellett, H. (2013). Competition, corporate governance, ownership structure and risk reporting. Managerial Auditing Journal, 28(9), 838-865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-11-2012-0776

Myers, S. C., & Majluf, N. S. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(84)90023-0

Nahar, S., Azim , M., & Anne Jubb, C. (2016). Risk disclosure,cost of capital and bank performance. International gournal of Accounting & Information Management, 24(4), 476-494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-02-2016-0016

Neifar, S., & Jarboui, A. (2018). Corporate governance and operational risk voluntary disclosure: Evidence from Islamic banks. Research in International Business and Finance, 46, 4354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.09.006

Ozkan , N. (2007). Do corporate governance mechanisms influence CEO compensation? An empirical investigation of UK companies. Journal of multinational financial management, 17(5), 349-364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2006.08.002

Quick , R., & Gauch, K. (2021). Is assurance on risk management systems relevant for bankers’ decisions? 55: 100564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2021.100564

Richardon, S. (2006). Over-investment of free cash flow. Review of accounting studies, 11(2), 159-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-006-9012-1

Schleicher , T., Tahoun , A., & Walker, M. (2010). IFRS Adoption in Europe and InvestmentCash Flow Sensitivity: Outsider versus Insider Economies. The International Journal of Accounting, 45(2), 143-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2010.04.007

Tan, Y., Xu, N., Liu, X., & Zeng, C. (2015). Does forward-looking non-financial information consistently affect investment efficiency? Nankai Business Review International, 6(1), 219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NBRI-07-2014-0033

Tan, Y., Zeng, C., & Elshandidy, T. (2017). Risk disclosures, international orientation, and share price informativeness: Evidence from China. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 29, 81-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2017.08.002

Togok, S. H., Isa, C., & Zainuddin, S. (2016). Enterprise risk management adoption in Malaysia:

A disclosure approac. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 9(1), 83-104.

Watts, R., & Zimmerman, J. (1986). Positive Accounting Theory.

Downloads

Published

2026-03-01

Issue

Section

Articles